{
  
  "schema_version": "gig-migration-export-v2",
  "data_version": "2026-06-13",
  "generated_at": "2026-06-12",
  "html_url": "https://migrationfit.com/cities/de/hamburg/",
  "md_url": "https://migrationfit.com/cities/de/hamburg/index.md",
  "type": "City",
  "slug": "hamburg",
  "country_code": "de",
  "entity_id": "de.hamburg",
  "name": "Hamburg",
  "country": "Germany",
  "city_tags": ["million_plus","migration_hub","economic_hub","regional_capital"],
  "updated": "2026-06-13",
  "confidence": 83,
  
  
  
  
  
  
  "source": "https://migrationfit.com/cities/de/hamburg/",
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    {"metric_id":"climate_sunshine_hours_annual","domain":"environment","value":1650,"value_type":"number","unit":"hours/year","date":"2024-01-01","date_observed":"2024-01-01","last_checked":"2026-05-29T08:00:00Z","source_id":"dwd_climate","source_name":"DWD Deutscher Wetterdienst","source_url":"https://www.dwd.de/DE/klimaumwelt/klimaatlas/klimaatlas_node.html","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":null,"aggregation":"higher_is_better","comparable":true,"selectionable":true,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.hamburg","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: DWD Deutscher Wetterdienst (2024-01-01), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"hamburg","entity_id_type":"city_slug"},
    
    {"metric_id":"climate_temp_avg_annual_c","domain":"environment","value":10.4,"value_type":"number","unit":"degC","date":"2024-01-01","date_observed":"2024-01-01","last_checked":"2026-05-29T08:00:00Z","source_id":"dwd_climate","source_name":"DWD Deutscher Wetterdienst","source_url":"https://www.dwd.de/DE/klimaumwelt/klimaatlas/klimaatlas_node.html","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":null,"aggregation":"none","comparable":true,"selectionable":true,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.hamburg","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: DWD Deutscher Wetterdienst (2024-01-01), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"hamburg","entity_id_type":"city_slug"},
    
    {"metric_id":"internet_fixed_avg_speed_mbps","domain":"connectivity","value":96.4,"value_type":"number","unit":"Mbit/s","date":"2024-01-01","date_observed":"2024-01-01","last_checked":"2026-05-29T08:00:00Z","source_id":"ookla_speedtest","source_name":"Ookla Speedtest Global Index","source_url":"https://www.speedtest.net/global-index","source_type":"aggregator","source_grade":"B","source_official":false,"confidence":"B","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":null,"aggregation":"higher_is_better","comparable":true,"selectionable":true,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.hamburg","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Ookla Speedtest Global Index (2024-01-01), confidence B, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"hamburg","entity_id_type":"city_slug"},
    
    {"metric_id":"rent_avg_nettokalt_eur_per_m2_month","domain":"housing","value":9.94,"value_type":"number","unit":"EUR/m2/month","date":"2025-04-01","date_observed":"2025-04-01","last_checked":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","source_id":"mietspiegel_qualifiziert_pilot_2026_hamburg","source_name":"Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg — Behörde für Stadtentwicklung und Wohnen — Hamburger Mietenspiegel 2025","source_url":"https://www.hamburg.de/mietenspiegel","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"city","data_level_label":"City (Hamburger Mietenspiegel 2025)","aggregation":"lower_is_better","comparable":true,"selectionable":true,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.hamburg","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg — Behörde für Stadtentwicklung und Wohnen — Hamburger Mietenspiegel 2025 (2025-04-01), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"hamburg","entity_id_type":"city_slug"},
    
    {"metric_id":"rent_avg_nettokalt_eur_per_m2_month","domain":"housing","value":9.94,"value_type":"number","unit":"EUR/m2/month","date":"2025-04-01","date_observed":"2025-04-01","last_checked":"2026-05-28T14:30:00Z","source_id":"hamburg_mietenspiegel_2025","source_name":"Hamburg — Mietenspiegel 2025","source_url":"https://www.hamburg.de/mietenspiegel/","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"city","data_level_label":null,"aggregation":"lower_is_better","comparable":true,"selectionable":true,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.hamburg","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Hamburg — Mietenspiegel 2025 (2025-04-01), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"hamburg","entity_id_type":"city_slug"},
    
    {"metric_id":"average_monthly_gross_earnings_eur","domain":"work","value":4851,"value_type":"number","unit":"EUR/month","date":"2025-01-01","date_observed":"2025-01-01","last_checked":"2026-05-27T23:15:00Z","source_id":"destatis","source_name":"Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)","source_url":"https://www.destatis.de","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":"Land (VGRdL 2023)","aggregation":"higher_is_better","comparable":true,"selectionable":true,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.hamburg","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis) (2025-01-01), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"hamburg","entity_id_type":"city_slug"},
    
    {"metric_id":"foreign_population_total","domain":"integration","value":387845,"value_type":"number","unit":"people","date":"2025-12-31","date_observed":"2025-12-31","last_checked":"2026-05-28T14:30:00Z","source_id":"destatis_foreign_population_2025","source_name":"Destatis — foreign population by Land and years","source_url":"https://www.destatis.de/EN/Themes/Society-Environment/Population/Migration-Integration/Tables/foreigner-laender-time-serie.html","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"city","data_level_label":null,"aggregation":"higher_is_better","comparable":true,"selectionable":true,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.hamburg","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Destatis — foreign population by Land and years (2025-12-31), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"hamburg","entity_id_type":"city_slug"},
    
    {"metric_id":"air_quality_no2_annual_ug_m3","domain":"air","value":20.496,"value_type":"number","unit":"ug/m3","date":"2024-01-01","date_observed":"2024-01-01","last_checked":"2026-05-27T20:54:36Z","source_id":"umweltbundesamt_air_data_api","source_name":"Umweltbundesamt Air Data API","source_url":"https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/api/air_data/v2","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"city","data_level_label":null,"aggregation":"lower_is_better","comparable":true,"selectionable":true,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.hamburg","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Umweltbundesamt Air Data API (2024-01-01), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"hamburg","entity_id_type":"city_slug"},
    
    {"metric_id":"nearest_airport_destinations_count","domain":"connectivity","value":87,"value_type":"number","unit":"count","date":"2026-06-13","date_observed":"2026-06-13","last_checked":"2026-06-13T00:00:00Z","source_id":"openflights_routes_dat","source_name":"OpenFlights — routes.dat","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jpatokal/openflights/master/data/routes.dat","source_type":"open_data","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"city","data_level_label":"Direct destinations from HAM","aggregation":"higher_is_better","comparable":true,"selectionable":true,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.hamburg","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: OpenFlights — routes.dat (2026-06-13), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"hamburg","entity_id_type":"city_slug"},
    
    {"metric_id":"nearest_airport_iata","domain":"connectivity","value":"HAM","value_type":"string","unit":"code","date":"2026-06-13","date_observed":"2026-06-13","last_checked":"2026-06-13T00:00:00Z","source_id":"ourairports_airports_csv","source_name":"OurAirports — airports.csv","source_url":"https://davidmegginson.github.io/ourairports-data/airports.csv","source_type":"open_data","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"city","data_level_label":"City centroid to nearest scheduled-service airport","aggregation":"none","comparable":false,"selectionable":false,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.hamburg","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: OurAirports — airports.csv (2026-06-13), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"hamburg","entity_id_type":"city_slug"},
    
    {"metric_id":"nearest_airport_km","domain":"connectivity","value":8.8,"value_type":"number","unit":"km","date":"2026-06-13","date_observed":"2026-06-13","last_checked":"2026-06-13T00:00:00Z","source_id":"ourairports_airports_csv","source_name":"OurAirports — airports.csv","source_url":"https://davidmegginson.github.io/ourairports-data/airports.csv","source_type":"open_data","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"city","data_level_label":"Great-circle distance; driving time not implied","aggregation":"lower_is_better","comparable":true,"selectionable":true,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.hamburg","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: OurAirports — airports.csv (2026-06-13), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"hamburg","entity_id_type":"city_slug"},
    
    {"metric_id":"religion_other_no_religion_percent","domain":"demographics","value":69.5,"value_type":"percentage","unit":"percent","date":"2022-05-15","date_observed":"2022-05-15","last_checked":"2026-05-28T18:30:00Z","source_id":"destatis_zensus_2022_religion_gemeinde","source_name":"Destatis Zensus 2022 religion by municipality","source_url":"https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Zensus2022/Publikationen/Downloads-Publikationen/Sonderauswertungen/bevoelkerung_religionszugehoerigkeit_je_gemeinde.html","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"city","data_level_label":null,"aggregation":"none","comparable":true,"selectionable":false,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.hamburg","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Destatis Zensus 2022 religion by municipality (2022-05-15), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"hamburg","entity_id_type":"city_slug"},
    
    {"metric_id":"air_quality_pm25_annual_ug_m3","domain":"air","value":9.081,"value_type":"number","unit":"ug/m3","date":"2024-01-01","date_observed":"2024-01-01","last_checked":"2026-05-27T20:54:36Z","source_id":"umweltbundesamt_air_data_api","source_name":"Umweltbundesamt Air Data API","source_url":"https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/api/air_data/v2","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"city","data_level_label":null,"aggregation":"lower_is_better","comparable":true,"selectionable":true,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.hamburg","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Umweltbundesamt Air Data API (2024-01-01), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"hamburg","entity_id_type":"city_slug"},
    
    {"metric_id":"car_density_per_1000","domain":"mobility","value":433,"value_type":"number","unit":"cars/1000 residents","date":"2026-01-01","date_observed":"2026-01-01","last_checked":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","source_id":"kba_fz3_2026","source_name":"Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt — FZ 3 vehicle stock by municipality","source_url":"https://www.kba.de/DE/Statistik/Produktkatalog/produkte/Fahrzeuge/fz3_b_uebersicht.html","source_type":"official_statistics","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"city","data_level_label":"City (Gemeinde)","aggregation":"lower_is_better","comparable":true,"selectionable":true,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.hamburg","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt — FZ 3 vehicle stock by municipality (2026-01-01), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"hamburg","entity_id_type":"city_slug"},
    
    {"metric_id":"crime_incidents_per_100k","domain":"safety","value":11775,"value_type":"number","unit":"incidents/100k residents","date":"2024-12-31","date_observed":"2024-12-31","last_checked":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","source_id":"polizei_hamburg_pks_2024","source_name":"Polizei Hamburg — Polizeiliche Kriminalstatistik 2024","source_url":"https://www.hamburg.de/resource/blob/1087650/30efad000cc60586a22280031dad1ea0/pks-2024-data.pdf","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"aging","fallback_level":"city","data_level_label":null,"aggregation":"lower_is_better","comparable":true,"selectionable":true,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.hamburg","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Polizei Hamburg — Polizeiliche Kriminalstatistik 2024 (2024-12-31), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"hamburg","entity_id_type":"city_slug"},
    
    {"metric_id":"unemployment_total_percent","domain":"work","value":8.3,"value_type":"number","unit":"percent","date":"2025-12-31","date_observed":"2025-12-31","last_checked":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","source_id":"arbeitsagentur_hamburg_presse","source_name":"Bundesagentur für Arbeit Hamburg — Der Arbeitsmarkt in Hamburg","source_url":"https://www.arbeitsagentur.de/vor-ort/hamburg/presse/2026-1-der-arbeitsmarkt-in-hamburg","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"city","data_level_label":null,"aggregation":"lower_is_better","comparable":true,"selectionable":true,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.hamburg","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Bundesagentur für Arbeit Hamburg — Der Arbeitsmarkt in Hamburg (2025-12-31), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"hamburg","entity_id_type":"city_slug"},
    
    {"metric_id":"groceries_monthly_eur","domain":"cost","value":338,"value_type":"currency","unit":"EUR/month","date":"2024-12-31","date_observed":"2024-12-31","last_checked":"2026-06-12T10:00:00Z","source_id":"eurostat_prc_ppp_ind","source_name":"Eurostat — Comparative price levels and HICP (prc_ppp_ind, prc_hicp_midx)","source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/prc_ppp_ind/default/table","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"B","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":"Country average (Eurostat prc_ppp_ind groceries & household services PLI, EU27=100 baseline converted to EUR via HICP)","aggregation":"lower_is_better","comparable":false,"selectionable":false,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.hamburg","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Eurostat — Comparative price levels and HICP (prc_ppp_ind, prc_hicp_midx) (2024-12-31), confidence B, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"hamburg","entity_id_type":"city_slug"},
    
    {"metric_id":"net_income_couple_eur_month","domain":"cost","value":3262,"value_type":"currency","unit":"EUR/month","date":"2023-12-31","date_observed":"2026-01-01","last_checked":"2026-06-12T10:00:00Z","source_id":"de_bmf_lohnsteuer","source_name":"BMF — Lohnsteuer-Rechner, Programmablaufplan 2026 and Lohnsteuertabellen (Steuerklassen I-VI, 16 Bundesländer)","source_url":"https://www.bmf-steuerrechner.de/lohnsteuer-rechner/","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":"Country average (married one earner, 100% average wage; DE primary from BMF Lohnsteuer Steuerklasse III, other countries from OECD Taxing Wages)","aggregation":"higher_is_better","comparable":false,"selectionable":false,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.hamburg","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: BMF — Lohnsteuer-Rechner, Programmablaufplan 2026 and Lohnsteuertabellen (Steuerklassen I-VI, 16 Bundesländer) (2026-01-01), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"hamburg","entity_id_type":"city_slug"},
    
    {"metric_id":"net_income_eur_month","domain":"cost","value":2746,"value_type":"currency","unit":"EUR/month","date":"2023-12-31","date_observed":"2026-01-01","last_checked":"2026-06-12T10:00:00Z","source_id":"de_bmf_lohnsteuer","source_name":"BMF — Lohnsteuer-Rechner, Programmablaufplan 2026 and Lohnsteuertabellen (Steuerklassen I-VI, 16 Bundesländer)","source_url":"https://www.bmf-steuerrechner.de/lohnsteuer-rechner/","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":"Country average (single, 100% average wage; DE primary from BMF Lohnsteuer, other countries from OECD Taxing Wages)","aggregation":"higher_is_better","comparable":false,"selectionable":false,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.hamburg","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: BMF — Lohnsteuer-Rechner, Programmablaufplan 2026 and Lohnsteuertabellen (Steuerklassen I-VI, 16 Bundesländer) (2026-01-01), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"hamburg","entity_id_type":"city_slug"},
    
    {"metric_id":"net_income_family_eur_month","domain":"cost","value":3777,"value_type":"currency","unit":"EUR/month","date":"2023-12-31","date_observed":"2026-01-01","last_checked":"2026-06-12T10:00:00Z","source_id":"de_bmf_lohnsteuer","source_name":"BMF — Lohnsteuer-Rechner, Programmablaufplan 2026 and Lohnsteuertabellen (Steuerklassen I-VI, 16 Bundesländer)","source_url":"https://www.bmf-steuerrechner.de/lohnsteuer-rechner/","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":"Country average (married one earner with two children, 100% average wage; DE primary from BMF Lohnsteuer Steuerklasse III with Kindergeld considered, other countries from OECD Taxing Wages)","aggregation":"higher_is_better","comparable":false,"selectionable":false,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.hamburg","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: BMF — Lohnsteuer-Rechner, Programmablaufplan 2026 and Lohnsteuertabellen (Steuerklassen I-VI, 16 Bundesländer) (2026-01-01), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"hamburg","entity_id_type":"city_slug"},
    
    {"metric_id":"utilities_monthly_eur","domain":"cost","value":134,"value_type":"currency","unit":"EUR/month","date":"2024-12-31","date_observed":"2024-12-31","last_checked":"2026-06-12T10:00:00Z","source_id":"eurostat_nrg_pc_energy","source_name":"Eurostat — Household energy prices (nrg_pc_204 electricity, nrg_pc_202 gas)","source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_pc_204/default/table","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"B","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":"Country average (Eurostat nrg_pc_204 electricity band 1D + nrg_pc_202 gas band D2, weighted by national consumption mix and heating-degree-day share)","aggregation":"lower_is_better","comparable":false,"selectionable":false,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.hamburg","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Eurostat — Household energy prices (nrg_pc_204 electricity, nrg_pc_202 gas) (2024-12-31), confidence B, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"hamburg","entity_id_type":"city_slug"}
    
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    {"metric_id":"blue_card_salary_general_eur_year","domain":"income","value":50700,"value_type":"number","unit":"EUR/year","date":"2026-01-01","date_observed":"2026-01-01","last_checked":"2026-05-28T14:30:00Z","source_id":"make-it-in-germany","source_name":"Make it in Germany","source_url":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":null,"aggregation":"none","comparable":true,"selectionable":false,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.germany","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Make it in Germany (2026-01-01), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"germany","entity_id_type":"country_key"},
    
    {"metric_id":"minimum_wage_hourly_gross_eur","domain":"income","value":13.9,"value_type":"number","unit":"EUR/hour","date":"2026-01-01","date_observed":"2026-01-01","last_checked":"2026-05-28T14:30:00Z","source_id":"bmas_minimum_wage_2026","source_name":"BMAS — statutory minimum wage from January 2026","source_url":"https://www.bmas.de/DE/Service/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2025/mindestlohn-steigt-zum-ersten-januar-2026.html","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":null,"aggregation":"higher_is_better","comparable":true,"selectionable":false,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.germany","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: BMAS — statutory minimum wage from January 2026 (2026-01-01), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"germany","entity_id_type":"country_key"},
    
    {"metric_id":"average_monthly_gross_earnings_eur","domain":"work","value":4851,"value_type":"number","unit":"EUR/month","date":"2025-01-01","date_observed":"2025-01-01","last_checked":"2026-05-27T23:15:00Z","source_id":"destatis","source_name":"Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)","source_url":"https://www.destatis.de","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":"Land (VGRdL 2023)","aggregation":"higher_is_better","comparable":true,"selectionable":true,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.germany","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis) (2025-01-01), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"germany","entity_id_type":"country_key"},
    
    {"metric_id":"public_transport_monthly_pass_eur","domain":"income","value":63,"value_type":"number","unit":"EUR/month","date":"2026-01-01","date_observed":"2026-01-01","last_checked":"2026-05-28T14:30:00Z","source_id":"bundesregierung_deutschlandticket_2026","source_name":"Federal Government — Deutschlandticket price 2026","source_url":"https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/bundesregierung/bundeskanzleramt/deutschlandticket-2134074","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":null,"aggregation":"lower_is_better","comparable":true,"selectionable":false,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.germany","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Federal Government — Deutschlandticket price 2026 (2026-01-01), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"germany","entity_id_type":"country_key"},
    
    {"metric_id":"healthcare_gkv_general_contribution_percent","domain":"income","value":14.6,"value_type":"number","unit":"percent","date":"2026-02-17","date_observed":"2026-02-17","last_checked":"2026-05-28T14:30:00Z","source_id":"bmg_gkv_contributions_2026","source_name":"Federal Ministry of Health — statutory health insurance contributions 2026","source_url":"https://www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de/beitraege","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":null,"aggregation":"none","comparable":true,"selectionable":false,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.germany","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Federal Ministry of Health — statutory health insurance contributions 2026 (2026-02-17), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"germany","entity_id_type":"country_key"},
    
    {"metric_id":"kindergeld_per_child_monthly_eur","domain":"income","value":259,"value_type":"number","unit":"EUR/month","date":"2026-01-01","date_observed":"2026-01-01","last_checked":"2026-05-28T14:30:00Z","source_id":"familienportal_kindergeld_2026","source_name":"Federal Family Portal — child benefit (Kindergeld)","source_url":"https://familienportal.de/familienportal/familienleistungen/kindergeld/faq","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":null,"aggregation":"none","comparable":true,"selectionable":false,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.germany","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Federal Family Portal — child benefit (Kindergeld) (2026-01-01), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"germany","entity_id_type":"country_key"},
    
    {"metric_id":"groceries_monthly_eur","domain":"cost","value":338,"value_type":"currency","unit":"EUR/month","date":"2024-12-31","date_observed":"2024-12-31","last_checked":"2026-06-12T10:00:00Z","source_id":"eurostat_prc_ppp_ind","source_name":"Eurostat — Comparative price levels and HICP (prc_ppp_ind, prc_hicp_midx)","source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/prc_ppp_ind/default/table","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"B","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":"Country average (Eurostat prc_ppp_ind groceries & household services PLI, EU27=100 baseline converted to EUR via HICP)","aggregation":"lower_is_better","comparable":false,"selectionable":false,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.germany","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Eurostat — Comparative price levels and HICP (prc_ppp_ind, prc_hicp_midx) (2024-12-31), confidence B, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"germany","entity_id_type":"country_key"},
    
    {"metric_id":"utilities_monthly_eur","domain":"cost","value":134,"value_type":"currency","unit":"EUR/month","date":"2024-12-31","date_observed":"2024-12-31","last_checked":"2026-06-12T10:00:00Z","source_id":"eurostat_nrg_pc_energy","source_name":"Eurostat — Household energy prices (nrg_pc_204 electricity, nrg_pc_202 gas)","source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_pc_204/default/table","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"B","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":"Country average (Eurostat nrg_pc_204 electricity band 1D + nrg_pc_202 gas band D2, weighted by national consumption mix and heating-degree-day share)","aggregation":"lower_is_better","comparable":false,"selectionable":false,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.germany","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Eurostat — Household energy prices (nrg_pc_204 electricity, nrg_pc_202 gas) (2024-12-31), confidence B, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"germany","entity_id_type":"country_key"},
    
    {"metric_id":"electricity_household_eur_per_kwh","domain":"cost","value":0.3931,"value_type":"number","unit":"EUR/kWh","date":"2024-12-31","date_observed":"2024-12-31","last_checked":"2026-06-12T10:00:00Z","source_id":"eurostat_nrg_pc_energy","source_name":"Eurostat — Household energy prices (nrg_pc_204 electricity, nrg_pc_202 gas)","source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_pc_204/default/table","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":"Country average (Eurostat nrg_pc_204, band 1D annual consumption 2 500-4 999 kWh incl. all taxes and levies)","aggregation":"lower_is_better","comparable":true,"selectionable":false,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.germany","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Eurostat — Household energy prices (nrg_pc_204 electricity, nrg_pc_202 gas) (2024-12-31), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"germany","entity_id_type":"country_key"},
    
    {"metric_id":"gas_household_eur_per_kwh","domain":"cost","value":0.1195,"value_type":"number","unit":"EUR/kWh","date":"2024-12-31","date_observed":"2024-12-31","last_checked":"2026-06-12T10:00:00Z","source_id":"eurostat_nrg_pc_energy","source_name":"Eurostat — Household energy prices (nrg_pc_204 electricity, nrg_pc_202 gas)","source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_pc_204/default/table","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":"Country average (Eurostat nrg_pc_202, band D2 annual consumption 20-199 GJ incl. all taxes and levies)","aggregation":"lower_is_better","comparable":true,"selectionable":false,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.germany","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Eurostat — Household energy prices (nrg_pc_204 electricity, nrg_pc_202 gas) (2024-12-31), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"germany","entity_id_type":"country_key"},
    
    {"metric_id":"net_income_eur_month","domain":"cost","value":2746,"value_type":"currency","unit":"EUR/month","date":"2023-12-31","date_observed":"2026-01-01","last_checked":"2026-06-12T10:00:00Z","source_id":"de_bmf_lohnsteuer","source_name":"BMF — Lohnsteuer-Rechner, Programmablaufplan 2026 and Lohnsteuertabellen (Steuerklassen I-VI, 16 Bundesländer)","source_url":"https://www.bmf-steuerrechner.de/lohnsteuer-rechner/","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":"Country average (single, 100% average wage; DE primary from BMF Lohnsteuer, other countries from OECD Taxing Wages)","aggregation":"higher_is_better","comparable":false,"selectionable":false,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.germany","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: BMF — Lohnsteuer-Rechner, Programmablaufplan 2026 and Lohnsteuertabellen (Steuerklassen I-VI, 16 Bundesländer) (2026-01-01), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"germany","entity_id_type":"country_key"},
    
    {"metric_id":"net_income_couple_eur_month","domain":"cost","value":3262,"value_type":"currency","unit":"EUR/month","date":"2023-12-31","date_observed":"2026-01-01","last_checked":"2026-06-12T10:00:00Z","source_id":"de_bmf_lohnsteuer","source_name":"BMF — Lohnsteuer-Rechner, Programmablaufplan 2026 and Lohnsteuertabellen (Steuerklassen I-VI, 16 Bundesländer)","source_url":"https://www.bmf-steuerrechner.de/lohnsteuer-rechner/","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":"Country average (married one earner, 100% average wage; DE primary from BMF Lohnsteuer Steuerklasse III, other countries from OECD Taxing Wages)","aggregation":"higher_is_better","comparable":false,"selectionable":false,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.germany","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: BMF — Lohnsteuer-Rechner, Programmablaufplan 2026 and Lohnsteuertabellen (Steuerklassen I-VI, 16 Bundesländer) (2026-01-01), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"germany","entity_id_type":"country_key"},
    
    {"metric_id":"net_income_family_eur_month","domain":"cost","value":3777,"value_type":"currency","unit":"EUR/month","date":"2023-12-31","date_observed":"2026-01-01","last_checked":"2026-06-12T10:00:00Z","source_id":"de_bmf_lohnsteuer","source_name":"BMF — Lohnsteuer-Rechner, Programmablaufplan 2026 and Lohnsteuertabellen (Steuerklassen I-VI, 16 Bundesländer)","source_url":"https://www.bmf-steuerrechner.de/lohnsteuer-rechner/","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":"Country average (married one earner with two children, 100% average wage; DE primary from BMF Lohnsteuer Steuerklasse III with Kindergeld considered, other countries from OECD Taxing Wages)","aggregation":"higher_is_better","comparable":false,"selectionable":false,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.germany","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: BMF — Lohnsteuer-Rechner, Programmablaufplan 2026 and Lohnsteuertabellen (Steuerklassen I-VI, 16 Bundesländer) (2026-01-01), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"germany","entity_id_type":"country_key"},
    
    {"metric_id":"income_tax_employee_share_eur_year","domain":"cost","value":6400,"value_type":"currency","unit":"EUR/year","date":"2024-12-31","date_observed":"2024-12-31","last_checked":"2026-06-12T10:00:00Z","source_id":"de_bmf_lohnsteuer","source_name":"BMF — Lohnsteuer-Rechner, Programmablaufplan 2026 and Lohnsteuertabellen (Steuerklassen I-VI, 16 Bundesländer)","source_url":"https://www.bmf-steuerrechner.de/lohnsteuer-rechner/","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":"Country average (DE: BMF Lohnsteuer PAP 2026 Steuerklasse I single earner at 100% average wage; other countries: OECD Taxing Wages 100% AW single)","aggregation":"lower_is_better","comparable":false,"selectionable":false,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.germany","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: BMF — Lohnsteuer-Rechner, Programmablaufplan 2026 and Lohnsteuertabellen (Steuerklassen I-VI, 16 Bundesländer) (2024-12-31), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"germany","entity_id_type":"country_key"},
    
    {"metric_id":"social_contributions_employee_share_eur_year","domain":"cost","value":10008,"value_type":"currency","unit":"EUR/year","date":"2024-12-31","date_observed":"2024-12-31","last_checked":"2026-06-12T10:00:00Z","source_id":"de_bmf_lohnsteuer","source_name":"BMF — Lohnsteuer-Rechner, Programmablaufplan 2026 and Lohnsteuertabellen (Steuerklassen I-VI, 16 Bundesländer)","source_url":"https://www.bmf-steuerrechner.de/lohnsteuer-rechner/","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":"Country average (DE: BMG + DRV 2026 employee rates RV+AV+KV+PV with contribution ceilings; other countries: OECD Taxing Wages)","aggregation":"lower_is_better","comparable":false,"selectionable":false,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.germany","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: BMF — Lohnsteuer-Rechner, Programmablaufplan 2026 and Lohnsteuertabellen (Steuerklassen I-VI, 16 Bundesländer) (2024-12-31), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"germany","entity_id_type":"country_key"},
    
    {"metric_id":"price_level_index_groceries_eu27_2020","domain":"cost","value":105.7,"value_type":"number","unit":"index (EU27=100)","date":"2024-12-31","date_observed":"2024-12-31","last_checked":"2026-06-12T10:00:00Z","source_id":"eurostat_prc_ppp_ind","source_name":"Eurostat — Comparative price levels and HICP (prc_ppp_ind, prc_hicp_midx)","source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/prc_ppp_ind/default/table","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"A","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":"Country (Eurostat prc_ppp_ind, comparative price level for food and non-alcoholic beverages, EU27=100)","aggregation":"none","comparable":true,"selectionable":false,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.germany","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Eurostat — Comparative price levels and HICP (prc_ppp_ind, prc_hicp_midx) (2024-12-31), confidence A, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"germany","entity_id_type":"country_key"},
    
    {"metric_id":"cost_index_vs_capital_v2","domain":"cost","value":105.7,"value_type":"number","unit":"index (EU27=100)","date":"2024-12-31","date_observed":"2024-12-31","last_checked":"2026-06-12T10:00:00Z","source_id":"eurostat_prc_ppp_ind","source_name":"Eurostat — Comparative price levels and HICP (prc_ppp_ind, prc_hicp_midx)","source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/prc_ppp_ind/default/table","source_type":"official","source_grade":"A","source_official":true,"confidence":"B","freshness_state":"fresh","fallback_level":"country_level_estimate","data_level_label":"Country (Eurostat prc_ppp_ind composite PLI 2020 EU27=100, capitals normalised to 100)","aggregation":"lower_is_better","comparable":true,"selectionable":false,"trend":null,"stable_entity_id":"de.germany","methodology_id":null,"citation_text":"Source: Eurostat — Comparative price levels and HICP (prc_ppp_ind, prc_hicp_midx) (2024-12-31), confidence B, via MigrationFit.","entity_id":"germany","entity_id_type":"country_key"}
    
  ],
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  "cost_snapshot": null,
  "links": {
    "page": "/cities/de/hamburg/",
    "legacy_page": "/cities/hamburg/",
    "page_url": "https://migrationfit.com/cities/de/hamburg/",
    "md_url": "https://migrationfit.com/cities/de/hamburg/index.md",
    "data_url": "https://migrationfit.com/data/cities/de/hamburg.json",
    "legacy_data_url": "https://migrationfit.com/data/cities/hamburg.json",
    
    "official_handoff_notes": ["Hamburg Welcome Center supports newcomers with residence, housing, language learning, work and city authority questions.","Third-country residence matters are handled by Hamburg immigration services and may require appointments.","HVV is the official public transport network for Hamburg and the surrounding area."],
    
    "official_handoff": [
      
      {
        "label": "City portal",
        "name": "Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg",
        "url": "https://www.hamburg.de/",
        "checked": "2026-05-31"
      },
      
      {
        "label": "Statistics portal",
        "name": "Statistikamt Nord",
        "url": "https://www.statistik-nord.de/",
        "checked": "2026-05-31"
      },
      
      {
        "label": "Immigration office",
        "name": "Amt fuer Migration Hamburg",
        "url": "https://www.hamburg.de/politik-und-verwaltung/behoerden/behoerde-fuer-inneres-und-sport/aemter/amt-fuer-migration",
        "checked": "2026-05-31"
      },
      
      {
        "label": "Newcomer service",
        "name": "Hamburg Welcome Center",
        "url": "https://welcome.hamburg.de/",
        "checked": "2026-05-31"
      },
      
      {
        "label": "Public transport",
        "name": "HVV",
        "url": "https://www.hvv.de/en",
        "checked": "2026-05-31"
      }
      
    ]
    
  }
}