{
  "schema_version": "gig-migration-export-v2",
  "data_version": "2026-06-14",
  "generated_at": "2026-06-14",
  "type": "MigrationCorridor",
  "origin_id": "ru",
  "origin_name": "Russia",
  "origin_slug": "russia",
  "destination_code": "pl",
  "destination_name": "Poland",
  "destination_slug": "poland",
  "title": "Moving from Russia to Poland: Visa, Cost & Best Cities (2026)",
  "html_url": "https://migrationfit.com/routes/russia-to-poland/",
  "advisor_url": "/relocation-advisor/?passport=ru&target=pl",
  "indexable": true,
  "data_backed_section_count": 5,
  "section_coverage": [{"id":"entry","label":"Entry access","ready":true},{"id":"routes","label":"Legal routes","ready":true},{"id":"timeline","label":"PR / citizenship timeline","ready":true},{"id":"bestCities","label":"Best cities","ready":true},{"id":"recognition","label":"Recognition","ready":true},{"id":"diaspora","label":"Diaspora","ready":false}],
  "passport_rule": {"id":"ru-pl-short-stay","passport_id":"ru","passport_name":"Russia","destination_code":"pl","destination_name":"Poland","destination_slug":"poland","destination_url":"/countries/poland/","entry_mode":"consulate_visa","max_stay_days":90,"max_stay_label":"90 days","duration_notes":"Up to 90 days per 180-day Schengen period. Note: Poland is among the most restrictive EU states toward Russian visa issuance since 2022.","work_allowed":null,"permit_obtained_via":"Schengen C-visa required. Russia in EU Regulation 2018/1806 Annex I. Poland suspended local border traffic agreement with Russia in 2016. EU-Russia facilitation agreement suspended September 2022.","conditions":["Valid Russian passport","Completed Schengen application","Accommodation, return tickets, travel insurance","Financial means evidence","Biometric photo"],"fee":{"currency":"EUR","amount":80,"applies_to":"per adult applicant","notes":"Standard Schengen fee."},"special_zones":[],"notes":["Schengen C-visa required. Russia in EU Regulation 2018/1806 Annex I. Poland suspended local border traffic agreement with Russia in 2016. EU-Russia facilitation agreement suspended September 2022.","Up to 90 days per 180-day Schengen period. Note: Poland is among the most restrictive EU states toward Russian visa issuance since 2022.","Layer 1: Schengen C-visa required; Poland is among the most restrictive EU states for Russian visa issuance. Layer 2 (work): Polish work permit route in principle available but practically very difficult for Russian nationals currently. Layer 3 (PR): permanent residence after 5 years; citizenship after 3 years with PR."],"source_ids":["eu_regulation_2018_1806_annex_i","eu_council_decision_2022_1dg_suspension_russia","poland_udsc_gov"],"sources":[{"id":"eu_regulation_2018_1806_annex_i","label":"EU Regulation (EU) 2018/1806 — Annex I (Visa-Required List)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02018R1806-20240401","authority_tier":"Tier 1 — Official EU legislation","description":"Lists third-country nationals who must hold a Schengen visa for short stays. Annex I includes: Turkey, India, Russia, China, Nigeria, South Africa, Philippines, and many others.","date_reviewed":null,"official":true},{"id":"eu_council_decision_2022_1dg_suspension_russia","label":"EU Council Decision 2022 — Suspension of EU-Russia Visa Facilitation Agreement","url":"https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2022/09/09/russia-eu-council-suspends-the-eu-russia-visa-facilitation-agreement/","authority_tier":"Tier 1 — Official EU Council decision","description":"The EU Council suspended the EU-Russia Visa Facilitation Agreement effective 12 September 2022, reverting Schengen visa fees for Russian nationals from the facilitated €35 rate to the standard €80 and removing processing-time guarantees.","date_reviewed":null,"official":true},{"id":"poland_udsc_gov","label":"Poland — Urząd do Spraw Cudzoziemców (UDSC) — Office for Foreigners","url":"https://www.gov.pl/web/udsc-en","authority_tier":"Tier 1 — Official Polish Government agency","description":"Official portal for foreigners' residence and work permits in Poland, including temporary residence and work permits (karta pobytu), permanent residence permit (karta stałego pobytu) after 5 years, EU Blue Card, and naturalisation requirements.","date_reviewed":null,"official":true}],"confidence":"B","freshness_state":"fresh","last_checked":"2026-06-07T00:00:00Z","date_observed":"2026-06-07"},
  "legal_routes": [{"id":"pl-eu-eea-swiss-free-movement","slug":"pl-eu-eea-swiss-free-movement","routeName":"EU/EEA/Swiss free movement","routeType":"residence","routeTypeLabel":"Residence","processingTimeDays":7,"processingTimeDisplay":"7 days","minimumSalaryEur":0,"minimumSalaryDisplay":"EUR 0","allowFamily":true,"requiredDocuments":["1 documented official steps; see source"],"notes":"PESEL registration only Imported from task 86 work/legal pack, source row 1, observed 2026-06-12. Facts only; not legal advice.","summary":"PESEL registration only Imported from task 86 work/legal pack, source row 1, observed 2026-06-12.","observedDate":"2026-06-12","sources":[{"id":"pl_udsc_legal_routes_2026","label":"UdSC","url":"https://www.gov.pl/web/udsc-en","grade":"A","observedDate":"2026-06-12"}]},{"id":"pl-oswiadczenie-work-declaration-cis-nationals","slug":"pl-oswiadczenie-work-declaration-cis-nationals","routeName":"Oświadczenie (work declaration, CIS nationals)","routeType":"residence","routeTypeLabel":"Residence","processingTimeDays":7,"processingTimeDisplay":"7 days","minimumSalaryEur":1121,"minimumSalaryDisplay":"EUR 1,121","allowFamily":false,"requiredDocuments":["3 documented official steps; see source"],"notes":"Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine Imported from task 86 work/legal pack, source row 4, observed 2026-06-12. Facts only; not legal advice.","summary":"Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine Imported from task 86 work/legal pack, source row 4, observed 2026-06-12.","observedDate":"2026-06-12","sources":[{"id":"pl_udsc_legal_routes_2026","label":"UdSC","url":"https://www.gov.pl/web/udsc-en","grade":"A","observedDate":"2026-06-12"}]},{"id":"pl-temporary-protection-ukraine","slug":"pl-temporary-protection-ukraine","routeName":"Temporary protection (Ukraine)","routeType":"residence","routeTypeLabel":"Residence","processingTimeDays":7,"processingTimeDisplay":"7 days","minimumSalaryEur":0,"minimumSalaryDisplay":"EUR 0","allowFamily":true,"requiredDocuments":["1 documented official steps; see source"],"notes":"Council Implementing Decision 2022/382; auto-extended Imported from task 86 work/legal pack, source row 7, observed 2026-06-12. Facts only; not legal advice.","summary":"Council Implementing Decision 2022/382; auto-extended Imported from task 86 work/legal pack, source row 7, observed 2026-06-12.","observedDate":"2026-06-12","sources":[{"id":"pl_udsc_legal_routes_2026","label":"UdSC","url":"https://www.gov.pl/web/udsc-en","grade":"A","observedDate":"2026-06-12"}]},{"id":"pl-karta-pobytu-residence-card","slug":"pl-karta-pobytu-residence-card","routeName":"Karta pobytu (residence card)","routeType":"residence","routeTypeLabel":"Residence","processingTimeDays":28,"processingTimeDisplay":"28 days","minimumSalaryEur":1121,"minimumSalaryDisplay":"EUR 1,121","allowFamily":true,"requiredDocuments":["6 documented official steps; see source"],"notes":"Imported from task 86 work/legal pack, source row 5, observed 2026-06-12. Facts only; not legal advice.","summary":"Imported from task 86 work/legal pack, source row 5, observed 2026-06-12.","observedDate":"2026-06-12","sources":[{"id":"pl_udsc_legal_routes_2026","label":"UdSC","url":"https://www.gov.pl/web/udsc-en","grade":"A","observedDate":"2026-06-12"}]},{"id":"pl-eu-blue-card-niebieska-karta-ue","slug":"pl-eu-blue-card-niebieska-karta-ue","routeName":"EU Blue Card (Niebieska Karta UE)","routeType":"residence","routeTypeLabel":"Residence","processingTimeDays":56,"processingTimeDisplay":"56 days","minimumSalaryEur":2800,"minimumSalaryDisplay":"EUR 2,800","allowFamily":true,"requiredDocuments":["6 documented official steps; see source"],"notes":"1.5× national avg wage (~PLN 14,400/mo in 2026) Imported from task 86 work/legal pack, source row 2, observed 2026-06-12. Facts only; not legal advice.","summary":"1.5× national avg wage (~PLN 14,400/mo in 2026) Imported from task 86 work/legal pack, source row 2, observed 2026-06-12.","observedDate":"2026-06-12","sources":[{"id":"pl_udsc_legal_routes_2026","label":"UdSC","url":"https://www.gov.pl/web/udsc-en","grade":"A","observedDate":"2026-06-12"}]},{"id":"pl-poland-businessharbour-pbh","slug":"pl-poland-businessharbour-pbh","routeName":"Poland.BusinessHarbour (PBH)","routeType":"residence","routeTypeLabel":"Residence","processingTimeDays":84,"processingTimeDisplay":"84 days","minimumSalaryEur":0,"minimumSalaryDisplay":"EUR 0","allowFamily":true,"requiredDocuments":["5 documented official steps; see source"],"notes":"CIS nationals (Belarus, Russia, Ukraine) — extended 2024-2026 Imported from task 86 work/legal pack, source row 6, observed 2026-06-12. Facts only; not legal advice.","summary":"CIS nationals (Belarus, Russia, Ukraine) — extended 2024-2026 Imported from task 86 work/legal pack, source row 6, observed 2026-06-12.","observedDate":"2026-06-12","sources":[{"id":"pl_udsc_legal_routes_2026","label":"UdSC","url":"https://www.gov.pl/web/udsc-en","grade":"A","observedDate":"2026-06-12"}]},{"id":"pl-zezwolenie-na-prace-work-permit","slug":"pl-zezwolenie-na-prace-work-permit","routeName":"Zezwolenie na pracę (work permit)","routeType":"residence","routeTypeLabel":"Residence","processingTimeDays":84,"processingTimeDisplay":"84 days","minimumSalaryEur":1121,"minimumSalaryDisplay":"EUR 1,121","allowFamily":true,"requiredDocuments":["6 documented official steps; see source"],"notes":"min wage PLN 4,806/mo Imported from task 86 work/legal pack, source row 3, observed 2026-06-12. Facts only; not legal advice.","summary":"min wage PLN 4,806/mo Imported from task 86 work/legal pack, source row 3, observed 2026-06-12.","observedDate":"2026-06-12","sources":[{"id":"pl_udsc_legal_routes_2026","label":"UdSC","url":"https://www.gov.pl/web/udsc-en","grade":"A","observedDate":"2026-06-12"}]},{"id":"pl-karta-polaka-polish-card","slug":"pl-karta-polaka-polish-card","routeName":"Karta Polaka (Polish Card)","routeType":"residence","routeTypeLabel":"Residence","processingTimeDays":182,"processingTimeDisplay":"182 days","minimumSalaryEur":0,"minimumSalaryDisplay":"EUR 0","allowFamily":true,"requiredDocuments":["4 documented official steps; see source"],"notes":"Ethnic Polish from CIS/post-Soviet Imported from task 86 work/legal pack, source row 8, observed 2026-06-12. Facts only; not legal advice.","summary":"Ethnic Polish from CIS/post-Soviet Imported from task 86 work/legal pack, source row 8, observed 2026-06-12.","observedDate":"2026-06-12","sources":[{"id":"pl_udsc_legal_routes_2026","label":"UdSC","url":"https://www.gov.pl/web/udsc-en","grade":"A","observedDate":"2026-06-12"}]}],
  "timeline": "permanent residence after 5 years; citizenship after 3 years with PR. Up to 90 days per 180-day Schengen period. Note: Poland is among the most restrictive EU states toward Russian visa issuance since 2022. Schengen C-visa required. Russia in EU Regulation 2018/1806 Annex I. Poland suspended local border traffic agreement with Russia in 2016. EU-Russia facilitation agreement suspended September 2022.",
  "best_cities": [{"rank":1,"cityId":"PL-KRAKOW","cityName":"Kraków","cityUrl":"/cities/pl/krakow/","consensusProfiles":5,"consensusScore":99,"fit":{"low":12,"high":37},"rent":"—","salary":"—"},{"rank":2,"cityId":"PL-WROCLAW","cityName":"Wrocław","cityUrl":"/cities/pl/wroclaw/","consensusProfiles":5,"consensusScore":94,"fit":{"low":12,"high":37},"rent":"—","salary":"—"},{"rank":3,"cityId":"PL-LODZ","cityName":"Łódź","cityUrl":"/cities/pl/lodz/","consensusProfiles":5,"consensusScore":89,"fit":{"low":12,"high":37},"rent":"—","salary":"—"},{"rank":4,"cityId":"PL-POZNAN","cityName":"Poznań","cityUrl":"/cities/pl/poznan/","consensusProfiles":5,"consensusScore":84,"fit":{"low":12,"high":37},"rent":"—","salary":"—"},{"rank":5,"cityId":"PL-GDANSK","cityName":"Gdańsk","cityUrl":"/cities/pl/gdansk/","consensusProfiles":5,"consensusScore":79,"fit":{"low":12,"high":37},"rent":"—","salary":"—"}],
  "recognition": {"profession":"nurse","authority":"NAWA / ENIC-NARIC Poland","portalUrl":"https://nawa.gov.pl/en/recognition","notes":"Regulated/professional recognition status must be checked with the national ENIC-NARIC or sector authority before presenting occupation-specific advice.","observedDate":"2026-06-13"},
  "sources": [{"id":"eu_regulation_2018_1806_annex_i","label":"EU Regulation (EU) 2018/1806 — Annex I (Visa-Required List)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02018R1806-20240401","authority_tier":"Tier 1 — Official EU legislation","description":"Lists third-country nationals who must hold a Schengen visa for short stays. Annex I includes: Turkey, India, Russia, China, Nigeria, South Africa, Philippines, and many others.","date_reviewed":null,"official":true},{"id":"eu_council_decision_2022_1dg_suspension_russia","label":"EU Council Decision 2022 — Suspension of EU-Russia Visa Facilitation Agreement","url":"https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2022/09/09/russia-eu-council-suspends-the-eu-russia-visa-facilitation-agreement/","authority_tier":"Tier 1 — Official EU Council decision","description":"The EU Council suspended the EU-Russia Visa Facilitation Agreement effective 12 September 2022, reverting Schengen visa fees for Russian nationals from the facilitated €35 rate to the standard €80 and removing processing-time guarantees.","date_reviewed":null,"official":true},{"id":"poland_udsc_gov","label":"Poland — Urząd do Spraw Cudzoziemców (UDSC) — Office for Foreigners","url":"https://www.gov.pl/web/udsc-en","authority_tier":"Tier 1 — Official Polish Government agency","description":"Official portal for foreigners' residence and work permits in Poland, including temporary residence and work permits (karta pobytu), permanent residence permit (karta stałego pobytu) after 5 years, EU Blue Card, and naturalisation requirements.","date_reviewed":null,"official":true},{"id":"pl_udsc_legal_routes_2026","label":"UdSC","url":"https://www.gov.pl/web/udsc-en","grade":"A","observedDate":"2026-06-12"},{"label":"NAWA / ENIC-NARIC Poland","url":"https://nawa.gov.pl/en/recognition","observedDate":"2026-06-13","grade":"A"}]
}